Evidence base

Studies on L-Carnitine

Auto-loaded from PubMed — grouped by outcome. Each entry links to the original source.

20,094 studies total·Last updated: June 4, 2026Open on PubMed

Energy & endurance · 3,259

Open on PubMed
  1. 01
    A comprehensive review of the physiology and evidence base to guide the use of ergogenic and medical supplements for enhanced cycling performance
    Rowland A, Edwards S, Prieto-Bellver G et al. · J Int Soc Sports Nutr · 2026
  2. 02
    Protective role of fatty acid oxidation against epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic asthma
    Wang M, He Y, Hu H et al. · Redox Rep · 2026
  3. 03
    Physiological and metabolic orchestration during biphasic low-salinity adaptation in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain): Insights into osmoregulation, lipid remodeling, and energy metabolism
    Xu T, Li X, Cui X et al. · Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol · 2026
  4. 04
    Feeds supplemented with L-carnitine and varying oil sources improve the Rhamdia quelen thawed sperm redox balance and sperm movement
    Baumgartner LA, Cardoso SU, da Silva WA et al. · Cryobiology · 2026
  5. 05
    Hyperoside stabilizes ACAT1 to promote fatty acid oxidation and attenuate kidney fibrosis via the L-carnitine-SIRT3 axis
    Shan C, Szili-Torok T, Yue G et al. · Phytomedicine · 2026
  6. 06
    Dexmedetomidine regulates fatty acid oxidation through the AMPK/PGC-1α/CPT1A pathway to mitigate renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury
    Zhang CL, Yan Y, Wang K et al. · Toxicol Appl Pharmacol · 2026
  7. 07
    Endothelial dysfunction and metabolic biomarkers in post-COVID-19 syndrome
    Oestreich M, Schmidt M, Dittrich J et al. · Sci Rep · 2026
  8. 08
    L-carnitine ameliorates fibrosis and reproductive dysfunction in intrauterine adhesion via restoration of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
    Peng K, Wu C, Lu Q et al. · Biol Reprod · 2026
  9. 09
    Correlation between oxidative stress and inflammation with metabolomics profile in skeletal muscle of ageing animal model and its modulation by tocotrienol-rich fraction
    Saud Gany SL, Mohd Sahardi NFN, Tan JK et al. · Br J Biomed Sci · 2026
  10. 10
    Metabolomic responses are more sensitive in muscle than serum following 28 days of arduous exercise with erythropoietin administration
    Drummer DJ, Howard EE, McNiff JL et al. · Exp Physiol · 2026
  11. 11
    Flip the fuel, and the heat is on! Carnitine synthesis as a physiological mediator of fuel adaptation
    Hathiramani NR, Jerrett AE, Spinelli JB · Trends Endocrinol Metab · 2026
  12. 12
    BPGM as an intrinsic brake to constrain metastasis through phospho-epigenetic-mediated carnitine biosynthesis suppression
    Wu MZ, Feng D, Liu WP et al. · Neoplasia · 2026
  13. 13
    Brown adipocyte-derived SAA3-CPT1A axis regulates diet-induced thermogenesis and protects against obesity
    Chan PC, Jhuang CH, Chang HY et al. · J Nutr Biochem · 2026
  14. 14
    MTDH inhibits CrAT to promote mitochondrial damage in palmitic acid-induced renal tubular cells
    Lan SF, Yang ZH, Feng L et al. · Acta Diabetol · 2026
  15. 15
    Mechanism of FoxO1 in the Metabolic Shift of Fetal Rat Heart
    William W, Kartinah NT, Prijanti AR et al. · Molecules · 2026
  16. 16
    Integrated bioinformatics and quantitative lipidomics reveal temporal lipid dynamics and oxidative metabolic networks in refrigerated pork
    Gu M, Li C, Ren Y et al. · Food Res Int · 2026
  17. 17
    Targeting peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation lowers fasting glucose by suppressing gluconeogenesis
    Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang Y et al. · Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids · 2026
  18. 18
    Dietary fucoidan supplementation ameliorates heat stress-induced liver injury in broilers via modulating peroxidation, lipid metabolism, and ferroptosis
    Liang QH, Liu QQ, Tian SZ et al. · Poult Sci · 2026
  19. 19
    Clinical, Biochemical and Molecular Characterisation of Newborns With Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: Novel Variants in the ACADM , ACADVL and SLC22A5 Genes
    Hidalgo Mayoral I, Herranz Cecilia A, Rodríguez-Jiménez C et al. · Clin Genet · 2026
  20. 20
    The role and therapeutic potential of succinate and succinylation in cardiovascular diseases
    Liu W, Han Y, Zhang F et al. · Clin Epigenetics · 2026
  21. 21
    Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Palmitate Induce Distinct Metabolic and Phenotypic Signatures in Normal and Ischemic Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Endothelial Cells
    Guilfoyle-Speese A, Patel K, Ghanwat AH et al. · Cells · 2026
  22. 22
    Hypothesis-free evaluation of circulating metabolome provides cell-specific insights regarding the role of energy substrate availability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Alhathli E, Cooper-Knock J, Girach ZU et al. · BMC Med · 2026
  23. 23
    RNF90 promotes hepatic steatosis by degrading CPT1α to suppress fatty acid oxidation
    Yan FJ, Zhang N, Li SH et al. · J Biol Chem · 2026
  24. 24
    Purinergic signaling and energetic metabolism in bipolar disorder: From pathophysiology to precision therapeutics
    Malewska-Kasprzak M, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Rybakowski F · Psychiatry Res · 2026
  25. 25
    Doxorubicin Resistance Reprograms Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Metabolism via the Fatty Acid β-Oxidation (FAO)-CD36 Regulatory Circuit: Relevance of Enhanced FAO on Tumor Cell Invasiveness
    Kumari S, Sahoo S, Thomas A et al. · Mol Carcinog · 2026

Cardiovascular · 2,024

Open on PubMed
  1. 01
    Gut‒heart axis: emerging therapies targeting trimethylamine N-oxide production
    Torres ER, Wilcox J, Tang WHW · Gut Microbes · 2026
  2. 02
    Biomarkers discovery of diabetic retinopathy through serum metabolomics - Retinal image association analysis with machine learning
    Lv D, Liu H, Shi X et al. · Exp Eye Res · 2026
  3. 03
    MassARRAY-based targeted detection of SLC22A5 mutations: A feasibility study for secondary screening of primary carnitine deficiency in newborns
    Gong L, Zhao J, Li L et al. · Clin Chim Acta · 2026
  4. 04
    ATP5A1 succinylation as a key driver for the transition of myocardial ischemia to development of heart failure
    Jiang L, Chen S, Li S et al. · Basic Res Cardiol · 2026
  5. 05
    Dexmedetomidine regulates fatty acid oxidation through the AMPK/PGC-1α/CPT1A pathway to mitigate renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury
    Zhang CL, Yan Y, Wang K et al. · Toxicol Appl Pharmacol · 2026
  6. 06
    IGF-1 attenuates high fat diet-elicited cardiomyopathy via arachidylcarnitine-dependent suppression of ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction
    Wang L, Shen M, Abudureyimu M et al. · Eur J Pharmacol · 2026
  7. 07
    Microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbated microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in hemorrhagic stroke
    Ye T, Kong X, Lv X et al. · J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis · 2026
  8. 08
    Clinical, Biochemical and Molecular Characterisation of Newborns With Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: Novel Variants in the ACADM , ACADVL and SLC22A5 Genes
    Hidalgo Mayoral I, Herranz Cecilia A, Rodríguez-Jiménez C et al. · Clin Genet · 2026
  9. 09
    The role and therapeutic potential of succinate and succinylation in cardiovascular diseases
    Liu W, Han Y, Zhang F et al. · Clin Epigenetics · 2026
  10. 10
    Analysis of genetic mutation distribution and metabolic characteristics in patients with primary carnitine deficiency from the Ganzhou area, China
    Tu X, Zhang F, Chen J et al. · Clin Chim Acta · 2026
  11. 11
    The impact of the gut microbiome on the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease: A narrative review
    Smółka L, Strugała M, Kursa K et al. · Przegl Epidemiol · 2026
  12. 12
    Therapeutic potential of L-carnitine in coronary artery disease: a systematic review
    Werida RH, Okda SM · Inflammopharmacology · 2026SR
  13. 13
    Tachycardiomyopathy-like presentation in neonatal MCAD deficiency: A novel cardiac phenotype
    Morana E, Baronio F, Lanari M et al. · Eur J Med Genet · 2026
  14. 14
    Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and gestational hypertension: Insights from global and dose metabolomics analysis
    Chen J, Fang Y, Sun B et al. · J Environ Sci (China) · 2026
  15. 15
    Trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in postmenopausal women relative to age-matched men and premenopausal women among individuals with obesity
    Battillo DJ, Malin SK · Exp Physiol · 2026
  16. 16
    Trimethylamine N-oxide and related metabolites may regulate DNA methylation and trigger cardiovascular disease
    Ma J, Lai CQ, Li XS et al. · Clin Epigenetics · 2026
  17. 17
    Inflammatory cytokines mediate thoracic aortic aneurysm formation via plasma metabolites: A two-step Mendelian randomization and single cell sequencing-based investigation
    Liu Y, Tang R, Fang Y et al. · Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026
  18. 18
    CPT1a Expression Is a Critical Cardioprotective Response to Pathological Stress That Enables Rescue by Gene Transfer
    Carley AN, Maurya SK, Maurya CK et al. · Circ Res · 2026
  19. 19
    Early diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction unveiled by metabolomics, Mendelian randomization, and machine learning
    Fan H, Fu X, Guo Q et al. · Mol Biomed · 2026
  20. 20
    Cross-modal integration of metabolomics and cardiac functionality captures dynamic metabotoxic effects of doxorubicin in engineered heart tissues
    Conte F, Staykova DK, Cofiño-Fabres C et al. · Stem Cell Reports · 2026
  21. 21
    Rhodiola crenulata extract inhibits cell pyroptosis to ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats through the regulation of decadienylcarnitine/NLRP3/GSDMD axis
    Liu J, Liu J, Qiao Y et al. · J Ethnopharmacol · 2026
  22. 22
    Metabolic therapy for cardiovascular diseases with propionyl L-carnitine
    Dhalla N, Kaur K, Elimban V et al. · Can J Physiol Pharmacol · 2026
  23. 23
    Pregnancies in Women With Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: Results of a European and North American Survey
    Grünert SC, Langeveld M, Rudolph L et al. · J Inherit Metab Dis · 2026
  24. 24
    Ginsenoside Rd promotes cardiac regeneration through PPARG/HMGCS2-driven ketone body metabolic reprogramming in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Zhang H, Lin A, Zhai C et al. · Phytomedicine · 2026
  25. 25
    Improvements of cardiac function and metabolic parameters by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with no significant effects on sympathetic or parasympathetic activity in chronic heart failure
    Takahashi J, Fukumoto Y · Heart Vessels · 2026

Cognition · 78

Open on PubMed
  1. 01
    Sevoflurane impairs neurogenesis and cognitive function by inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation in neural stem/progenitor cells of neonatal rats
    Jia P, Wang K, Cheng Y et al. · Chin Med J (Engl) · 2026
  2. 02
    Liensinine improves cognitive dysfunction behavior via restoring neurotransmitters and microbial remodeling pathway
    Wang L, Li Y, Jia L et al. · Microb Pathog · 2026
  3. 03
    An Amino Acid and Carnitine Metabolite Profile for the Early Detection and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
    Chu X, Guo Y, Fu Y et al. · J Neurochem · 2025
  4. 04
    Metabolomics and lipidomics study on serum metabolite signatures in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    Mai Y, Huang F, Mi H et al. · Neurotherapeutics · 2025
  5. 05
    The Effect of Acylcarnitines on Cognitive Function: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
    Luan S, Zhang J, Wang C et al. · Brain Behav · 2025
  6. 06
    Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, carnitine, choline, and betaine distinguish cognition impairment in Parkinson's disease
    Xu Z, Chen H, Zheng G et al. · Parkinsonism Relat Disord · 2025
  7. 07
    Sex differences in mitochondrial free-carnitine levels in subjects at-risk and with Alzheimer's disease in two independent study cohorts
    Bigio B, Lima-Filho RAS, Barnhill O et al. · Mol Psychiatry · 2025
  8. 08
    Illustrate the metabolic regulatory effects of Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharides on cognitive dysfunction in formaldehyde-exposed mouse brain by mass spectrometry imaging
    Wang W, Sun Y, Cao R et al. · Ecotoxicol Environ Saf · 2025
  9. 09
    Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidase CPT1A ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by regulating astrocyte ferroptosis
    Su Y, Yuan Q · Brain Res · 2025
  10. 10
    Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial
    Lee W, Kim M · Medicine (Baltimore) · 2024RCT
  11. 11
    Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): associations with cognition, neuroimaging, and dementia
    Yaqub A, Vojinovic D, Vernooij MW et al. · Alzheimers Res Ther · 2024
  12. 12
    The relationship between cognitive impairment and fatty acids and carnitine in hemodialysis patients
    Eser B, Dogan I, Kayadibi H · Nefrologia (Engl Ed) · 2024
  13. 13
    L-carnitine Modulates Cognitive Impairment Induced by Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Rats; Insights to Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Synaptic Plasticity, Liver/brain, and Kidney/brain Axes
    Morid OF, Menze ET, Tadros MG et al. · J Neuroimmune Pharmacol · 2023
  14. 14
    Knockout of Tmlhe in mice is not associated with autism spectrum disorder phenotypes or motor dysfunction despite low carnitine levels
    Liepinsh E, Svalbe B, Stelfa G et al. · Mol Autism · 2023
  15. 15
    Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition
    Morant-Ferrando B, Jimenez-Blasco D, Alonso-Batan P et al. · Nat Metab · 2023
  16. 16
    Anxiety adds the risk of cognitive progression and is associated with axon/synapse degeneration among cognitively unimpaired older adults
    Sun L, Li W, Qiu Q et al. · EBioMedicine · 2023
  17. 17
    Rat Hair Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Perturbations of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Phenylalanine, and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathways Are Associated with Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Deficits
    Tan TH, Li SW, Chang CW et al. · Mol Neurobiol · 2023
  18. 18
    Effect of Adding l -Carnitine to Risperidone on Behavioral, Cognitive, Social, and Physical Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
    Shakibaei F, Jelvani D · Clin Neuropharmacol · 2023RCT
  19. 19
    Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
    Yulug B, Altay O, Li X et al. · Transl Neurodegener · 2023RCT
  20. 20
    Neuroprotective effect of mildronate and L-carnitine on the cognitive parameters of aged mice and mice with LPS-induced inflammation
    Shaforostova EA, Gureev AP, Volodina DE et al. · Metab Brain Dis · 2022
  21. 21
    Longitudinal Associations of Plasma TMAO and Related Metabolites with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    de Oliveira Otto MC, Li XS, Wang Z et al. · J Alzheimers Dis · 2022
  22. 22
    Association Between Plasma L-Carnitine and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
    Che B, Chen H, Wang A et al. · J Alzheimers Dis · 2022
  23. 23
    Probiotic supplement attenuates chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial
    Juan Z, Chen J, Ding B et al. · Eur J Cancer · 2022RCT
  24. 24
    Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide
    Hoyles L, Pontifex MG, Rodriguez-Ramiro I et al. · Microbiome · 2021
  25. 25
    The anti-aging effect of velvet antler polypeptide is dependent on modulation of the gut microbiota and regulation of the PPARα/APOE4 pathway
    Liu X, Yang Q, Li H et al. · J Integr Neurosci · 2021