MetabolicModerate evidence

Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)

A mitochondrial coenzyme and 'universal antioxidant' that works in both water- and fat-soluble environments. Best supported for blood sugar and diabetic neuropathy.

Also known as: ala, alpha-liponsäure, alpha-lipoic acid, lipoic acid, thioctsäure, thioctic acid

How it works

Alpha-lipoic acid is a coenzyme in mitochondrial energy metabolism and an antioxidant active in both water- and fat-soluble compartments. It scavenges free radicals and regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E and glutathione. Its best-supported clinical role is in diabetic neuropathy and improving insulin sensitivity.

Goals
MetabolicEnergyLongevity (broad)
Timing
Fasted
Price tier
Low

Dosage

Typically 300–600 mg/day, on an empty stomach (food lowers absorption). The R-form is more bioavailable than the racemic R/S mixture.

Considerations

Strongest evidence in diabetic neuropathy (often intravenous in studies) and for improving insulin sensitivity. As a broad 'anti-aging' agent the human evidence is thinner. Caution: ALA can lower blood sugar — use under medical guidance with diabetes medication. Take on an empty stomach.

VeganDrug interactionsNot during pregnancy
Form
Capsule

Scientific detail

Mechanisms
Coenzyme in mitochondrial energy production (PDH)Regenerates vitamin C, E, and glutathioneImproves insulin sensitivity
Hallmarks of aging
Mitochondrial dysfunctionChronic inflammation
Evidence base

Studies on Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)

7,186 studies total · Open on PubMed

View all studies

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